“Anna is late again. She should have arrived by now”.

the social function of should have in the sentence above is …

A. To give advice, a recommendation or a suggestion

B. To express that a situation is likely in the present or in the future. This is a type of expectation or prediction.

C. Expresses an obligation that is not as strong as Must.

D. Something was expected in the past but it didn’t happen

E. Not fulfilling an obligation